(1:1; cf. Josh. 24:29).1 Chapter one is primarily descriptive, reflecting for the most part an observer’s perspective of what transpired.2 The narrator does give a theological perspective at points (vv. 19a, 22), but this seems to be for rhetorical purposes, since he allows the people’s perspective to dominate (v. 19b; see the commentary below). The matter-of-fact description of Israel’s failure to carry out God’s commission prompts the reader to ask: Why did the people fail?3 The account of the
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